Resources on a wealth tax

301 polls, papers, reports and bills from the countries in the register and beyond.

Polls (37)

• The government should impose a wealth tax on wealth above HUF 1 billion: Hungary, 2026-10. Hungarian adult population, representative sample · 1,000 adults
• An annual federal tax of 2% on wealth over $50 million and 3% on wealth over $1 billion, shown with its estimated revenue: United States, 2026-10. United States, adults (national survey) · 2,509 adults
• Do you support the introduction of a wealth tax: a 2.5% tax on an individual’s net assets above $10 million with an exemption for family homes?: New Zealand, 2026-09. New Zealand adults aged 18 and over · 1003
• Proposition 40: a one-time 5% tax on the assets of billionaires living in California: United States, 2026-08. California, likely voters · 2,310 likely voters
• Whether a billionaire tax is a good proposal (Oxfam Sverige's release gives no exact wording; Realtid's report describes it as a special tax on people with more than SEK 1 billion in wealth): Sweden, 2026-06. Sweden, adults aged 18 to 84 · 1,056 respondents, web interviews in the randomly recruited Sifopanelen, weighted by sex, age, region and party sympathy
• Progressive wealth tax on net wealth above EUR 5m (57.1% for a generic wealth tax without threshold): Italy, 2026-06. Italy, adults
• Persetujuan terhadap penerapan pajak kekayaan (wealth tax) sebesar 2 persen pada 50 orang terkaya di Indonesia untuk mendanai perlindungan sosial dan menekan ketimpangan: Indonesia, 2026-04. Indonesia, national representative public sample · National representative survey
• Federal tax on large fortunes to finance the 13th AHV pension and the army, as an alternative to a VAT rise (the Green Liberal proposal is 0.33% above CHF 5 million): Switzerland, 2026-03. Swiss voters, Tamedia/20 Minuten post-vote survey (Nachabstimmungsbefragung), spring 2026
• Whether the deputies were wrong to reject the 'taxe Zucman' (2% of wealth for households above EUR 100m, about 1,800 households, professional assets included); 59% said wrong to reject, 40% right to reject: France, 2025-11. France mainland, adults · 1,000 adults
• A wealth tax of 1% on assets above £10m and 2% on assets above £1bn (the Green Party policy): United Kingdom, 2025-10. Britain, adults
• 2% tax on wealth above EUR 100m (taxe Zucman): France, 2025-09. France, adults
• 2% tax on wealth above EUR 100m (taxe Zucman): France, 2025-09. France, adults · 1,000 adults
• Support for introducing a wealth tax targeting the richest members of society (Eurobarometer survey, April 2025): Malta, 2025-08. Malta, 500 residents, as reported by Newsbook · 500 residents
• Support for the introduction of a new general wealth tax on wealthy individuals: Pakistan, 2025-06. Pakistan, nationwide representative sample of adults aged 18+ · 7,500 adults across Pakistan
• Support for a minimum tax based on wealth for the wealthiest individuals (top 0.001%): Bulgaria, 2025-04. Adults in Bulgaria (Flash Eurobarometer 562, 27 EU countries, n=25,793 in total)
• A European tax on large fortunes, which in Italy would apply to the richest 0.1% (about 50,000 people with net wealth above EUR 5.4m): Italy, 2024-09. Italy, adults · over 4,000 respondents
• A wealth tax on people with wealth of over $50 million: Australia, 2024-07. Australia, adults · not stated in Oxfam's release
• Reintroducing the wealth tax: a levy on private persons and companies on wealth above EUR 1 million: Germany, 2024-07. Germany, adults (1,008 respondents) · 1,008 people
• A tax on the wealth of the super-rich to fund economic, social, and environmental transformations: Indonesia, 2024-06. Indonesia, adults aged 18-75, online · 1,000 respondents in Indonesia (22,000 across 22 countries)
• A wealth tax on wealthy individuals to fund major changes to our economy and lifestyles (support / strongly support): Saudi Arabia, 2024-06. Saudi Arabia, adults aged 18-75 · 1,000 adults aged 18-75
• A wealth tax on wealthy individuals to fund major changes to our economy and lifestyles (support / strongly support): Turkey, 2024-06. Turkey, adults aged 18-75 · 1,000 adults aged 18-75
• A higher tax on the large fortunes concentrated in the hands of the 'super-rich': Brazil, 2024-06. Brazil, adults aged 18-75, online · 22,000 respondents in 22 countries
• Wealthy people paying a higher tax on their wealth, as a means of funding major changes to our economy and lifestyles: India, 2024-06. India, adults aged 18-65, online · 1,000 respondents in India (21,000 across 21 countries)
• Wealthy people paying a higher tax on their wealth, as a means of funding major changes to our economy and lifestyles: South Africa, 2024-06. South Africa, adults, online · 1,000 respondents in South Africa (21,000 across 21 countries)
• Introduction of a tax on super-wealth (assets above 111 million CZK at a rate of 3.5%): Czechia, 2024-05. Czechia, representative sample · Representative sample of Czech population
• A 2% annual tax on people with more than £10 million in personal wealth (77% backed a 1% rate): United Kingdom, 2023-03. Britain, adults
• Introduction of a tax on large wealth (agree, rather than disagree), asked among several tax proposals: Austria, 2023-03. Austria, residents aged 16 and over (2,000 people) · 2,000 people aged 16 and over, representative
• A wealth tax that would apply only to people declaring assets of EUR 10 million or more (the Unidas Podemos proposal): Spain, 2022-08. Spain, adults with the right to vote · 1,078 people, telephone omnibus (about 74% on random mobile numbers), margin of error ±3.04
• Agreement with Congress approving a tax of 2.5% on the net wealth of people with US$ 22 million or more, to fund the response to the covid-19 crisis (the 'súper ricos' bill); 82.9% strongly agreed or agreed: Chile, 2021-05. Chile, adults 18 and over in 166 comunas, online panel · 1,184 interviews, non-probability online panel, margin of error +/- 2.8%
• An additional 1% annual wealth tax on individuals with net wealth exceeding IDR 140 billion (~US$10m) to help fund post-pandemic recovery: Indonesia, 2021-04. Indonesia, representative sample of adults · 1,051 respondents
• An additional annual tax of 1% of total wealth on people who hold more than EUR 8 million, to fund the recovery from COVID-19: Spain, 2021-04. Spain, adults · 1,046 respondents in Spain, online (Dynata panel), part of a 10-country survey
• A 1% tax on wealth paid by people who have more than $20 million in assets: Canada, 2020-11. Canada, adults · 1,660 adults, online panel
• Support for the extraordinary contribution on wealth above ARS 200 million (Aporte Solidario): Argentina, 2020-09. Argentina, national representative sample of 2,854 cases across 24 provinces · 2,854 cases, nationwide representative
• Whether large fortunes should be taxed to fight the coronavirus; 80% yes, 20% no: Brazil, 2020-04. Brazil, residents aged 16 and over, telephone (automated voice) survey · 1,200 interviews, stratified probability sample, margin of error +/- 4.3%
• Whether a wealth tax should be (re)introduced in Germany: 52% yes, 30% no, 18% don't know: Germany, 2016-11. Germany, representative sample (1,042 respondents) · 1,042 respondents
• Whether the Government should introduce a wealth tax on individuals with net assets (property, financial assets and luxury items) above 1 million euro who also have an annual income above 100,000 euro; 82% agreed strongly or slightly: Ireland, 2010-11. Ireland, 1,016 people questioned · 1,016 people
• An additional annual wealth tax of 1% on people with net wealth of USD 10 million, to support COVID-19 recovery and people in need.: Netherlands, . Netherlands, survey respondents

Papers (32)

• Net Wealth Tax for Ireland - Possibilities and Pitfalls (NERI Working Paper 78): Ireland, 2026-03. Concludes that a recurrent tax on net household wealth is viable in Ireland if it is simple, has few reliefs and a high threshold reaching about the wealthiest
• Eşitsizlik Çağında Servet Vergisi: Etkinlik-Adalet Dengesi ve Ülke Karşılaştırmaları: Turkey, 2025-12. Examines the equity-efficiency trade-off of a wealth tax and compares countries, with a section on Türkiye (no net wealth tax today, only property, vehicle and
• Wealth Tax as a Tool to Increase Tax Revenues in Polycrisis Times: Czechia, 2025-09. Tests whether a wealth tax could help Czech public finances in a polycrisis by comparing the wealth taxes of European countries and the Czech property taxes, an
• Implementing a Wealth Tax Regime in Kenya: Kenya, 2025-09. Policy brief examining a graduated wealth tax of 1.5% to 5% on about 7,200 dollar millionaires, estimated at USD 781m a year, with the implementation challenges
• Consideraciones sobre un gravamen al 1% más rico de la población uruguaya: Uruguay, 2025-07. Two economists review the evidence on the wealth held by the richest 1%, estimate that a 1% tax on it could raise 0.75% to 1% of GDP (USD 600 to 800 million), a
• Hacia una reforma tributaria progresiva: contexto, criterios guía y contenidos fundamentales. Un paso necesario hacia una Costa Rica posneoliberal: Costa Rica, 2025-07. Proposes a progressive reform that includes an annual tax on net personal wealth: exempt up to CRC 150 million, 0.5% above, rising to 2.0% above CRC 10,000 mill
• Public Support for Wealth and Progressive Taxes in Pakistan: Pakistan, 2025-06. ICTD Policy Brief 17 reporting findings from a nationwide survey of 7,500 Pakistani adults, showing over 40% support for introducing a new general wealth tax on
• 'Tax the rich'. Hoe denken Belgen over een vermogensbelasting?: Belgium, 2025-06. Uses the Belgian National Election Study 1999-2019 to show broad and stable public support for taxing large fortunes, including two in three for a tax on wealth
• Servet Dağılımında Servet Vergisinin Rolü: Türkiye için Bir Net Servet Vergisi Önerisi: Turkey, 2025-03. Reviews wealth inequality in the world and in Türkiye and the net wealth taxes of other countries, and proposes a net wealth tax for Türkiye because current wea
• Wealth Taxation and Household Saving: Evidence from Assessment Discontinuities in Norway: Norway, 2024-10. Uses geographic discontinuities in Norway's annual net wealth tax and third-party saving data to find that each krone of wealth tax raises annual net financial
• Tackling the regressivity of the Italian tax system: An optimal taxation framework with heterogeneous returns to capital: Italy, 2024-10. Using ECB distributional wealth accounts, finds the Italian tax system regressive over the top 7% and estimates the revenue and inequality effects of higher opt
• Towards Tax Justice and Wealth Redistribution in India: Proposals based on latest inequality estimates: India, 2024-05. Issue brief that costs a baseline 2% annual tax on net wealth above 10 crore rupees plus a 33% inheritance tax at about 2.7% of GDP, falling on 0.04% of adults.
• Inequality, Tax Justice and the Philippine Wealth Tax Campaign: Philippines, 2023-04. Monograph that sets out the case for a Philippine wealth tax and traces the civil-society and labour campaign for it.
• Der grundgesetzliche Rahmen für die Wiedereinführung einer Vermögensteuer (HBS Working Paper 266): Germany, 2023-02. A legal opinion that concludes the Basic Law does not stand in the way of reintroducing a wealth tax.
• Nota Macroeconómica No. 43: Los impuestos en Colombia: ¿Qué, cómo, cuánto y cuándo reformarlos?: Colombia, 2022-10. Proposes a marginal wealth tax only on net worth above COP 1,000 million, at 0.5%, 1% above COP 3,000 million and 2% above COP 5,000 million, which it estimates
• A Harmonized Net Wealth Tax in the European Union: Global, 2022-10. Journal article (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) simulating an annual EU net wealth tax of 1% on net wealth from 1 to 5 million euros and 1.5% ab
• A one-off wealth tax for Belgium: Revenue potential, distributional impact, and environmental effects: Belgium, 2022-03. Combines survey data with a Pareto model of the top tail to estimate the revenue, distributional and emissions effects of three one-off wealth tax designs for B
• Wealth taxes and the post-COVID future of the state: Australia, 2022-02. Argues for a wealth tax on the super-rich, on consequentialist and non-consequentialist grounds of justice, to counter inequalities worsened by COVID-19.
• The applicability of a wealth tax in Malta: an analysis: Malta, 2022. Interview-based study (15 tax professionals and stakeholders) that proposes a Maltese wealth tax for revenue and to cut wealth inequality, while advising the go
• A Wealth Tax for South Africa: South Africa, 2021-01. Working paper that designs a progressive annual wealth tax for South Africa's richest and estimates, under different assumptions about evasion, that it could ra
• Hiperfortunas y superricos: ¿por qué tiene sentido un impuesto al patrimonio?: Chile, 2020-12. Builds a model of the wealth of the richest groups, reviews international experience and the standard objections, and applies a designed net wealth tax to Chile
• El impuesto a los grandes patrimonios en Venezuela: Venezuela, 2020-09. Legal commentary on the 2019 law (taxable event, rate, valuation, residence, exemptions) that also questions the competence of the Constituent Assembly to creat
• El impuesto extraordinario a la riqueza: una fuente de financiación idónea de medidas de emergencia ante la pandemia del COVID-19: Colombia, 2020-05. Proposes a one-off extraordinary tax on the net wealth of individuals above COP 1,000 million, with progressive rates from 1% to 10%, and estimates revenue of C
• A progressive European wealth tax to fund the European COVID response: Global, 2020-04. VoxEU column proposing a temporary, progressive, EU-wide tax on the net worth of the richest 1% that could repay about 10% of EU GDP in extra debt within ten ye
• Wealth Taxation and Wealth Accumulation: Theory and Evidence From Denmark: Denmark, 2019-10. Uses Danish administrative wealth records and the sharp cut in the wealth tax from 1989 to show clear effects on reported wealth, larger for the very wealthy, a
• Progressive Wealth Taxation: Global, 2019-10. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity paper on the revenue potential, enforcement and economic effects of a tax on the wealth of the richest US families, with l
• Scenarios and distributional implications of a household wealth tax in Ireland: Ireland, 2018-06. Estimates what a household wealth tax could raise in Ireland and how many households would be liable, by applying other European countries' designs and testing
• Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: o recente debate internacional e a situação no Brasil (One Pager 378): Brazil, 2018-03. Reviews the recent international debate on taxing large fortunes and the situation of the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas, still unregulated in Brazil since the
• Impuestos a la Riqueza o al Patrimonio de las Personas Físicas con especial mención a América Latina y El Caribe: Global, 2018-01. CIAT working paper on the design, efficiency and legal issues of taxes on the net wealth of individuals, with simulations of such a tax for selected Latin Ameri
• Porez na bogatstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini: novi put ka pravednosti i demokratizaciji: Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2017-07. Argues for a wealth tax in BiH, estimating wealth at KM 114-218 billion and revenue of KM 1.14-2.18 billion at a 1% rate.
• 「富裕税法」再導入論: Japan, 2016-07. Compares the one-off 1946 property tax law with the 1950 wealth tax law and proposes reintroducing a general net wealth tax, with concrete rules on taxable pers
• Koncepcja globalnego podatku majątkowego: Poland, 2015. Article in Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy arguing for a global progressive tax on wealth, preceded by a register of assets, to reduce wealth inequal

Reports (83)

• Un Tope a la Riqueza para España: Evidencia sobre su Potencial Impacto: Spain, 2026-09. Finds that Spain's billionaires pay an effective rate of about 0.09% of their wealth through the Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio and the solidarity tax, and estima
• Taxing Extreme Wealth in the United Kingdom: Revenue Estimates for a 2% Minimum Tax on Ultra-High-Net-Worth Households: United Kingdom, 2026-07. Estimates that a minimum 2% average annual tax on the wealth of the richest 1,000 households (above £100 million) would raise about £10 billion in 2026, with a
• Millionärssteuer: Fragen & Antworten: Austria, 2026-06. The SPÖ's questions and answers on its millionaires' tax: 0.5% on wealth between €1 million and €10 million, 1% between €10 million and €50 million and 2% above
• Un impuesto al patrimonio para el siglo XXI: opciones para rediseñar el IP y recaudar más de los que más tienen: Spain, 2026-05. Argues for redesigning the Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio to raise substantially more revenue and restore progressivity among the super-rich, with estimates by Ju
• Wealth Taxation, Including Net Wealth, Capital and Exit Taxes (Volume 2: case studies): Cyprus, 2026-04. Commission-commissioned study of net wealth, capital and exit taxes; Dialogos reports it puts the yield of a European net wealth tax on ultra-high-net-worth peo
• Uruguay: Impuesto Mínimo Efectivo sobre la Riqueza: Uruguay, 2026-04. Brief that simulates a minimum tax on the wealth of individuals with fortunes above USD 100 million (2% would raise about USD 260 million, 0.4% of GDP; 3% about
• Wealth Tracker India 2026: Tax the Top, Close the Gap: India, 2026-03. Campaign report on the wealth of 1,688 Indians above 1,000 crore rupees that calls for a progressive 2% to 6% wealth tax plus a one-third inheritance tax, which
• Wealth Tax Policy Note: New Zealand, 2026-03. A 32-page policy note for Tax Justice Aotearoa on the case for and design of a wealth tax in New Zealand, set against the Labour government's 2023 work on one.
• Ten tax reforms and closed loopholes to raise over £50 billion in a single year: United Kingdom, 2026-03. Policy brief whose first proposal is a 2% tax on assets over £10 million, which it says would raise up to £24 billion a year and affect about 22,000 people (0.0
• Confronting Wealth Inequality in Ireland: Ireland, 2026-01. Models an annual net wealth tax on the top 1% of the population, with a high threshold of about 3 million euro, and puts the yield of a 1% rate at around 1 bill
• A Progressive Tax System to Fund a Fair Future: The Case for a Wealth Tax in Tanzania: Tanzania, 2025-12. FES analysis of inequality and the taxation of the rich in Tanzania, concluding that the tax system is regressive and recommending wealth taxation as part of a
• 'Tax the Rich!': Can Kenya Get Wealth Taxation Right?: Kenya, 2025-12. Cites an Oxfam estimate that a well-structured wealth tax could raise over USD 1bn a year and recommends a sequenced path (wealth database, voluntary disclosure
• Economic newsletter no. 68: dropping article 50 on the wealth tax: Tunisia, 2025-11. Bulletin (in Arabic) on the finance committee's dropping of the wealth tax article: it calls the extension a step towards fiscal justice and asks for more tranc
• Una señal regresiva y equivocada: eliminar el impuesto a las grandes fortunas profundiza la desigualdad en Bolivia: Bolivia, 2025-11. Press release against the government's announced repeal of the Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas, which it says reaches about 200 people and raises 240 million bo
• Propuesta de creación de una sobretasa del Impuesto al Patrimonio de las Personas Físicas (IPPF) para financiar políticas para la reducción de la pobreza infantil y adolescente: Uruguay, 2025-11. Proposes an annual surcharge on the Impuesto al Patrimonio de las Personas Físicas for wealth above USD 1 million (about the richest 1%, some 25,000 people), wi
• Open letter to President Cyril Ramaphosa: Africa's time to lead the world: Global, 2025-11. Asks South Africa's G20 presidency to champion a tax on the super-rich and states that a 1% wealth tax and 10% income tax on Africa's richest 1% could raise $66
• Three ways Australia can tax wealth better: Australia, 2025-08. Recommends an annual 2% wealth tax on net assets above $5 million (family home and superannuation exempt), which it estimates would raise $41 billion a year, al
• Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index: Malawi Country Profile 2025: Malawi, 2025-07. Evaluates Malawi's fiscal framework and inequality gap, recommending a moderate wealth tax of 0.7% on accumulated wealth (raising ~$70M) to fund universal essen
• L’essentiel sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches: France, 2025-06. The Senate finance committee's summary of its examination of the text adopted by the Assemblée (no. 380): it weighs the evidence on regressivity at the top agai
• Implementing annual wealth tax (45th General Election costing): Canada, 2025-04. Election costing of the NDP's annual household wealth tax (1% on net worth from $10 million to $50 million, 2% to $100 million, 3% above): about $22.8 billion n
• Un nouvel impôt sur le patrimoine: Canada, 2025-03. Proposes a Québec tax on household net assets above $2 million, at 0.2% from $2 to 5 million, 0.5% to $25 million, 0.75% to $100 million and 1.25% above, aimed
• Resources for a Safe and Resilient Europe: The Case for Minimum Taxation of Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individuals in the EU: Global, 2025-03. Policy note proposing a minimum tax of 2% or 3% on the wealth of people with more than 100 million or 1 billion euros; Oxfam's account of it gives 67 billion eu
• Rapport n° 930 sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches (n° 768): France, 2025-02. The finance committee report introducing the floor tax of 2% on the wealth of the richest households, tabled for the first reading of the Zucman tax proposal.
• Greens will tax 150 billionaires as part of revenue plan to fund dental into Medicare, GP for free and other cost of living measures: Australia, 2025-02. Announces a Parliamentary Budget Office-costed plan under which Australia's 150 billionaires would pay an annual 10% tax on their net wealth, expected to raise
• Stališča ZSSS na Predlog izhodišč za obdavčitev premoženja: Slovenia, 2025-01. Union reply to the Finance Ministry consultation asking for a tax on the whole wealth of individuals, financial assets included, not only real estate.
• Obdavčimo najbogatejše: koliko prihodkov bi lahko prinesla obdavčitev bogatašev?: Slovenia, 2025-01. Four scenarios for a tax on wealth above $100 million in Europe; for Slovenia a progressive wealth tax is estimated at over EUR 0.5 billion a year.
• United Nations Handbook on Wealth and Solidarity Taxes: Global, 2025. Guidance approved by the UN Tax Committee in 2025 on taxing wealth; the Committee's Subcommittee on Wealth Taxation, set up in October 2025, builds on it, and t
• Re-strategising the Economy and Mobilizing Resources for Equitable and Sustainable Development (final report of the Task Force on Economic Strategy Redesign): Bangladesh, 2025. Interim government task force report that puts progressive taxation on wealth and inheritance first among its steps to cut income and wealth inequality.
• UN DESA Policy Brief No. 168: Net Wealth Taxes: How they can help fight inequality and fund sustainable development: Global, 2024-12. Policy brief on the design of net wealth taxes: exemption thresholds, rates, avoidance through residency and undervaluation, and the value of international coop
• The Potential and Justifications for Taxing Wealth in Kenya: Kenya, 2024-11. Proposes an annual tiered wealth tax on about 7,200 high-net-worth individuals: 1.5% on USD 1-3m, 3% on USD 3-100m and 5% above USD 100m, estimated at USD 781m
• 감세정국에서 부유세 도입을 말하다 (forum proceedings): South Korea, 2024-10. Proceedings of a forum on introducing a wealth tax amid tax cuts, with a keynote on the issues in creating one and six discussant papers, one of which argues fo
• Kansainvälinen minimivero varakkaimmille yksityishenkilöille (An international minimum tax on the wealthiest individuals): Finland, 2024-10. Research article that sets out the details of Gabriel Zucman's G20 proposal for a minimum tax on the wealth of the richest individuals and why existing taxes le
• Taxing the Rich: Nigerian Fair Tax Monitor Thematic Report: Nigeria, 2024-10. Report on how Nigeria taxes its high-net-worth individuals that recommends a progressive net wealth tax (1% from 1 million dollars, 2% from 5 million, 5% from 5
• Svar fjármála- og efnahagsráðherra: tekjur af auðlegðarskatti (þingskjal 2266, 978. mál): Iceland, 2024-09. Official estimate that an auðlegðarskattur on the 2013 model, with thresholds indexed, would have raised just under ISK 37bn in 2023 (reported by Vísir on 9 Sep
• A blueprint for a coordinated minimum effective taxation standard for ultra-high-net-worth individuals: Global, 2024-06. Commissioned by the G20 presidency: proposes a minimum tax of 2% of wealth a year for individuals worth over $1 billion, which countries could levy as a wealth
• Manifesto for a Fairer, Greener Country: Real Hope. Real Change. (2024): United Kingdom, 2024-06. The party's 2024 general election manifesto proposes a wealth tax on individual taxpayers: 1% a year on assets above £10 million and 2% on assets above £1 billi
• Por un paquete fiscal que termine con la violencia del hambre en la Argentina: Argentina, 2024-06. Proposes a surcharge on the Bienes Personales (personal net wealth) tax on the 50 largest fortunes to raise USD 2 billion, and USD 4 billion if extended to the
• Studie: Daň ze superbohatství: Czechia, 2024-05. Models a Spanish-style tax on net wealth in Czechia with a 3.5% rate above CZK 111 million, which it estimates would hit about 4,200 people and raise roughly CZ
• L'agenda TaxTheRich per l'Italia: Manifesto degli economisti e delle economiste italiani/e: Italy, 2024-05. Asks for a progressive tax on the richest 0.1% of citizens, with net wealth above €5.4 million, in line with the European Citizens' Initiative, within a year, t
• The Middle East and North Africa Gap: Prosperity for the rich, austerity for the rest: Tunisia, 2023-10. Briefing on Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia: notes that Tunisia is the only country in the region taxing net wealth, at 0.5% above 3 million dinars, and tha
• PB 42 – Pajak Kekayaan untuk Mengatasi Distribusi Beban Pajak yang Asimetris (Policy Brief): Indonesia, 2023-10. Argues that Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam should adopt a wealth tax on high-net-worth individuals and estimates its potential revenue at US$8.18 billio
• Comité d'évaluation des réformes de la fiscalité du capital: rapport final (includes the last ISF scale): France, 2023-10. Final evaluation of the 2018 reforms that replaced the impôt de solidarité sur la fortune (ISF) with a tax on real-estate wealth (IFI). It reproduces the ISF's
• Tax the rich: from slogan to reality: Global, 2023-09. Study proposing a progressive wealth tax across the EU, modelled on a temporary Spanish measure, which it estimates would raise 213.3 billion euros a year, plus
• Tax the rich: from slogan to reality: Malta, 2023-09. Study of a moderate progressive wealth tax on the top 0.5% of EU households (1.7-3.5%) and of ending offshore tax abuse; the Maltese figures are about 43 millio
• Tax the super-rich: Philippines, 2023-08. IBON estimates that a tax of 1% on wealth above 1 billion pesos, 2% above 2 billion and 3% above 3 billion would raise at least 502 billion pesos a year from ab
• Analysis of Tax Asymmetry and Potential Revenue from Wealth Tax in Indonesia, The Philippines and Vietnam: Vietnam, 2023-08. Research report that projects revenue from a wealth tax in Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam and concludes it would be below VAT and income tax revenue but
• Studie over de belasting op grote vermogens (Study of the tax on large fortunes; DULBEA Policy Report 23.03): Belgium, 2023-07. Defines the net wealth base, reviews how net wealth taxes work abroad and how wealth is taxed in Belgium, and assesses the behavioural effects and risks of a Be
• State and Scope of Property Taxation in Bangladesh (CPD presentation): Bangladesh, 2023-05. Presentation of CPD's study of property tax, the wealth surcharge and a possible inheritance tax; it argues that wealth has grown faster than income and justifi
• NOU 2022: 20 Et helhetlig skattesystem: Norway, 2022-12. The expert committee's majority keeps a net wealth tax but would cut its revenue by NOK 8.4 billion (a much higher threshold, lower rates, a wider base without
• PB 35 – Pajak Kekayaan: Menakar Potensi dan Peluang Implementasi di Indonesia (Policy Brief): Indonesia, 2022-11. Compares four wealth tax models and concludes that an annual progressive rate of 1% to 2% on high-net-worth individuals above IDR 144 billion is the most likely
• El Impuesto Temporal de Solidaridad de las grandes fortunas y su encaje con el Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio: Spain, 2022-11. Sets out the main features of the planned solidarity tax on net wealth above EUR 3 million and analyses how it fits with the regional Impuesto sobre el Patrimon
• A Proposed Wealth Tax on Colombia's 4,700+ Richest Would Raise $1 Billion: Colombia, 2022-08. Estimates that the progressive wealth tax of the incoming government, at 0.25% to 1% on wealth above USD 250,000 to 1 million, would raise about USD 1 billion f
• Potential merits of introducing new wealth taxes (debate pack for the Westminster Hall debate of 14 June 2022): United Kingdom, 2022-06. Library background for the debate initiated by Richard Burgon: sets out that the UK has no tax on the stock of wealth, the 2021 motion, and the Government's ans
• La justice fiscale, un enjeu de survie à la portée de la Tunisie: Tunisia, 2022-06. Report proposing fiscal measures for the 2022 public finance crisis, among them a tax on large fortunes covering the richest 10% with a higher rate on the riche
• Program stranke Levica 2022 (davek na celotno neto premoženje najpremožnejših): Slovenia, 2022-03. Election programme committing to a progressive tax on the whole net wealth of millionaires incl. real estate, shares and securities.
• Skattar og ójöfnuður: Réttlátara og skilvirkara skattkerfi: Iceland, 2021-09. The union confederation's tax report says repeal of the auðlegðarskattur raised inequality (top 1% burden down 7.4 points) and that a sensibly designed large-es
• Impuestos a la riqueza y grandes fortunas en América Latina: Situación y avances recientes en la región: Global, 2021-09. Review of wealth-tax bills and proposals in Latin America in 2020 and 2021, including the Costa Rican bill 22.113 (one-off 1% on assets) and the BUSSCO and CNE
• Propuesta de Proceso de Reforma Tributaria Estructural para Colombia con base en principios constitucionales del Estado Social de Derecho: Colombia, 2021-06. First-stage measures include a wealth tax on individuals and companies with rates from 1.0% to 4.8% on net wealth above COP 1,000 million.
• Оподаткування багатства в Україні: тест на солідарність (Wealth taxation in Ukraine: a test of solidarity): Ukraine, 2021-05. Research piece arguing that introducing a wealth tax, as a temporary post-pandemic measure, is a test of solidarity for Ukraine's richest and of capacity for it
• Budgetary and Economic Effects of Senator Elizabeth Warren's Wealth Tax Legislation: United States, 2021-03. Estimates the Ultra-Millionaire Tax Act would raise about $2.1 trillion over 2022-2031 on conventional scoring, and about $2.0 trillion once macroeconomic effec
• A European wealth tax for a fair and green recovery: Global, 2021-03. Policy study arguing for an EU net wealth tax with exemption thresholds of 1 to 2 million euros, progressive rates and a broad base, taxing only the richest 1%
• Wealth Tax Revenue Estimates for the Ultra-Millionaire Tax Act of 2021: United States, 2021-02. Estimates that the 2% tax above $50 million with a 1% surtax above $1 billion would reach about 100,000 families and raise about $3.0 trillion over 2023-2032 ($
• Eine Vermögenssteuer als Antwort auf extreme Ungleichheit in Österreich: Austria, 2021-02. Models an annual wealth tax with a 1-2-3-4 tariff (1% from EUR 1 million up to 4% from EUR 1 billion) that it puts at EUR 7.7 to 11.2 billion a year on estimate
• Impuesto permanente a las Grandes Fortunas en Ecuador generaría más de USD 4 mil millones: Ecuador, 2021-01. Estimates that a permanent progressive tax on the assets of the 270 economic groups (1,237 shareholders) would raise about USD 4.1 billion on 2019 data, with ra
• Tisočinka: prenovljeni davki na izbrano premoženje: Slovenia, 2021. Real-estate association concept of a minimal tax on all wealth (about 0.1% natural persons, 0.3% legal entities). Not opened in full; the rates are quoted from
• A wealth tax for the UK: final report: United Kingdom, 2020-12. Independent commission (LSE, Warwick and a tax barrister) concluding that a one-off wealth tax is the better choice if the government wants to raise more revenu
• Report: It's Time To Tax Extreme Wealth Inequality: Canada, 2020-11. Proposes a graduated annual wealth tax of 1% above $10 million, 2% above $100 million and 3% above $1 billion, which it estimates would raise close to $20 billi
• Aporte Extraordinario de las Grandes Fortunas: derribando mitos: Argentina, 2020-11. Technical report analyzing and rebutting objections against the Aporte Solidario y Extraordinario, defending wealth taxation progressivity, and highlighting tha
• Avanzar hacia un sistema tributario progresivo: una deuda histórica que la crisis volvió urgente: Argentina, 2020-08. Comprehensive policy report by ACIJ's Justicia Fiscal program proposing structural progressive taxation: expanding the rate schedule on Bienes Personales for la
• SOU 2020:46 En gemensam angelägenhet (del 2, Skatter): Sweden, 2020-08. The Swedish Equality Commission official inquiry report concludes that an annual net wealth tax should be reintroduced in Sweden alongside inheritance taxation
• ¿Quién paga la cuenta? Gravar la riqueza para enfrentar la crisis de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe: Global, 2020-07. Briefing recommending a tax on net wealth above US$1 million in every country of Latin America and the Caribbean, with the main home exempt up to US$300,000, to
• Net wealth tax on Canadian resident economic families: Canada, 2020-07. Official costing of an annual tax of 1% on family net wealth above $20 million: the PBO estimates 13,800 families would pay it and that it would raise $5.6 bill
• Tributar os super-ricos para reconstruir o país (executive report): Brazil, 2020-07. Eight tax-law proposals that include regulating the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (rates of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, raised for five years to 1%, 2% and 3%), which i
• Multi-Millionaires and Fair Taxes: The Case for a Wealth Tax in Canada: Canada, 2020-06. Argues for an annual wealth tax to help pay for the pandemic, reviews the NDP's 2019 proposal of 1% above $20 million and the practical objections, and conclude
• Wealth Inequality and Closing the Poverty Gap in Arab Countries: The Case for a Solidarity Wealth Tax: Global, 2020-06. A UN ESCWA technical paper estimating that a solidarity wealth tax on the richest tenth of adults, about 1.2% a year in the middle-income Arab countries, could
• ¿Cuánto podría recaudar el impuesto a las grandes fortunas en América Latina?: Argentina, 2020-06. Estimates that a 2.5% tax on fortunes above USD 1 million would raise USD 2.4 to 4.7 billion in Argentina (about 30,000 taxpayers) and USD 25 to 50 billion acro
• ¿Cuánto podría recaudar el impuesto a las grandes fortunas en América Latina?: Colombia, 2020-06. Estimates that a 2.5% tax on fortunes above USD 1 million would raise USD 3.3 to 5.4 billion in Colombia and USD 25 to 50 billion across Latin America.
• La crisis del coronavirus y su impacto en la economía argentina: Argentina, 2020-05. Research report analyzing macroeconomic impacts and proposing an extraordinary contribution on the top 0.2% personal assets taxpayers (fortunes > USD 3 million)
• Jak multimilionerzy mogą pomóc w ratowaniu klimatu?: Poland, 2020-01. Party position proposing a progressive wealth tax with a 10 million zloty exemption and rates from 1% to 8%, a national wealth register and an exit tax, estimat
• Toward a Wealth Tax in Egypt: Egypt, 2018-01. Policy paper proposing a progressive comprehensive wealth tax from 1% on wealth over US$1 million to 5% over US$1 billion, estimated to raise about LE28 billion
• Hohes Aufkommenspotential bei Wiedererhebung der Vermögensteuer (DIW Wochenbericht 4/2016): Germany, 2016-01. Uses a microsimulation model to estimate that a reinstated wealth tax could raise ten to twenty billion euro a year even with high allowances, though avoidance
• 부유세와 종합부동산세: 부유세의 조세정책적 의미 (Wealth tax and the comprehensive real estate tax): South Korea, 2013-01. Examines proposals for a net wealth tax in Korea, the Swedish and French experience, the comprehensive real estate tax as a wealth tax, and the revenue and dist
• Vermögensteuer: Erhebliches Aufkommenspotential trotz erwartbarer Ausweichreaktionen (DIW Wochenbericht 42/2012): Germany, 2012-10. Models a 1% wealth tax with a personal allowance of 2 million euro and finds it would still raise about 11.6 billion euro a year after avoidance responses.

Bills, motions and laws (149)

• California Billionaire Tax Act (Proposition 40, November 2026 ballot): United States, 2026-11. A one-time tax of 5% on the net worth of California residents on 1 January 2026 who hold over $1 billion (real estate and some pensions excluded), payable in 20
• A vagyonadóról (T/930): Hungary, 2026-10. 1% annual tax on net wealth above HUF 1bn and 1.5% above HUF 100bn; first valuation date 31 December 2026, first payment by 31 August 2027.
• Proposición de Ley 122/000303: creación del Gravamen sobre la Concentración de Riqueza: Spain, 2026-09. Would levy a single 3% rate each year on the part of a person's net wealth above EUR 50 million, and cap the marginal rate of the Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio a
• Antrag 21/8267: 500-Millionen-Steuer – Extremvermögen fairer beteiligen: Germany, 2026-09. Asks the government to introduce a tax on net wealth above an allowance of 500 million euro, at 2% rising to 3% above 1 billion and 4% above 10 billion euro.
• Impuesto Mínimo a los Altos Patrimonios (IMAP): Argentina, 2026-08. Creates an annual minimum net wealth tax on fortunes exceeding USD 50 million, allocating 50% to Human Capital and 50% to Economic Capital.
• Proyecto de Ley 004 de 2026 Cámara: reforma tributaria: Colombia, 2026-07. Lowers the wealth-tax threshold from 72,000 UVT to 40,000 UVT, with a 0.5% rate from 40,000 UVT and a 3% rate from 240,000 UVT.
• EDM 276: Wealth taxation: United Kingdom, 2026-06. Calls on the Government to tax wealth fairly at the next Budget, including by introducing a wealth tax on billionaires and multimillionaires alongside aligning
• House Bill No. 9274: An Act imposing an 'Ultra-Wealth Tax' on individuals with net assets exceeding one billion pesos: Philippines, 2026-05. Imposes an annual Ultra-Wealth Tax of 1% on wealth above 1 billion pesos, 2% above 2 billion and 3% above 3 billion, with revenue for health, education, social
• Proposta di legge di iniziativa popolare "Imposta grandi patrimoni" (campagna 1%Equo): Italy, 2026-05. An annual personal tax on net wealth above €2 million, excluding the main home, at 1% to €5 million, 1.7% to €8 million, 2.1% to €20 million and 3.5% above, wit
• Motion 2025/26:4118: med anledning av prop. 2025/26:100 2026 års ekonomiska vårproposition: Sweden, 2026-04. Green Party spring budget motion proposing an annual billionaire tax (skatt för miljardärer) targeting excessive wealth concentration to fund urgent green trans
• Motion 2025/26:4108: med anledning av prop. 2025/26:100 2026 års ekonomiska vårproposition: Sweden, 2026-04. Left Party spring budget motion proposing an inquiry into an annual billionaire tax (miljardärsskatt) on high net fortunes to ensure the super-rich contribute f
• Ultra-Millionaire Tax Act of 2026 (S. 4246 and H.R. 8085, 119th Congress): United States, 2026-03. The 119th Congress version: 2% on net worth between $50 million and $1 billion and 3% above (6% with Medicare for All); the text matches the 2024 bill apart fro
• RND 102600000009: prórroga para el cumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias del Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas (IGF), gestión 2025: Bolivia, 2026-03. The tax authority extends the deadline to file and pay the IGF for 2025. It recalls that Ley 1357 creates the tax on the fortune of individuals and that the tax
• Make Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share Act (S. 3956 and H.R. 7767): United States, 2026-03. Title I imposes a yearly 5% tax on the net value of assets of individuals and trusts above $1 billion, with the revenue paying for affordability rebates, health
• Que reforma y adiciona diversas disposiciones de la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta, en materia de impuesto a las grandes fortunas: Mexico, 2026-03. Initiative in the Chamber of Deputies to add to the income tax law a progressive annual tax on the net wealth of individuals above 100 million pesos, with rates
• House Bill No. 8123: An Act imposing a 'Billionaire Wealth Tax' on individuals: Philippines, 2026-02. Proposes an annual tax of 1% on wealth above 1 billion pesos, 2% above 2 billion and 3% above 3 billion on individual billionaires.
• House Bill 1238: Taxation - Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individual Surtax and Wealth Tax (Maryland): United States, 2026-02. Besides an income surtax, imposes a one-time wealth tax on Maryland residents with net worth over $1 billion: 3% to $2.5 billion, 5% to $5 billion and 6% above,
• PLP 5/2026: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2026-02. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes.
• Antrag 21/4029: Vermögensteuer wieder erheben – Länderfinanzen nachhaltig sichern: Germany, 2026-02. Asks the government to bring in a bill that levies the wealth tax again: a net wealth tax from 1% above 1 million euro, rising to 5% at 50 million and 12% above
• Wetsvoorstel met het oog op het invoeren van een vermogensbelasting / Proposition de loi visant à instaurer une taxe sur le patrimoine (DOC 56 1298/001): Belgium, 2026-01. Introduces an annual tax on net wealth above EUR 2.5 million so that the financial burden of current social challenges is carried by the richest.
• Loi n. 2025-17 du 12 décembre 2025 portant loi de finances pour 2026, article 88 (impôt sur la fortune): Tunisia, 2025-12. Annual tax on the immovable and movable property of individuals: 0.5% on net wealth of 3 to 5 million dinars and 1% above, with the main residence, professional
• Vedtak om skatt av inntekt og formue mv. for inntektsåret 2026 (Stortingets skattevedtak, Vedtak 212): Norway, 2025-12. The annual decision that sets Norway's net wealth tax for income year 2026: a state rate of 0.65% above NOK 1.9 million (0.75% above NOK 21.5 million), a munici
• A milliárdosok vagyonadójáról (T/12722): Hungary, 2025-10. 1% annual tax on net wealth above HUF 1bn for Hungarian citizens, excluding the owner-occupied home.
• EDM 1909: Wealth taxes: United Kingdom, 2025-09. Welcomes support for an annual wealth tax on people with assets above £10 million and calls for a review of the steps needed to implement a range of wealth taxe
• House Bill No. 4304: An Act imposing Solidarity Contribution on the most affluent Filipinos for the benefit of public health and climate change resiliency: Philippines, 2025-09. Imposes a solidarity contribution on the net worth (assets less liabilities) of the most affluent individuals, with revenue earmarked for universal health care
• EDM 1725: Proposal for a wealth tax: United Kingdom, 2025-07. Welcomes the expert proposal for an annual 2% wealth tax on individual assets over £10 million, estimated at £24 billion a year, and asks for proposals before t
• Legea impozitării marilor afaceri și averi (L299/2025, PL-x 378/2025): Romania, 2025-06. Fiscal Code amendments whose explanatory memorandum introduces a Title on the tax on large fortunes: an annual 'solidarity tax' of 1%, 2% or 3% on the declared
• Wetsvoorstel tot instelling van een belasting op de grote vermogens / Proposition de loi visant à introduire un impôt sur les grands patrimoines (DOC 56 0901/001): Belgium, 2025-05. Proposes a tax of 1% on the slices of wealth between EUR 5 million and EUR 100 million and 2% on the slices above EUR 100 million.
• Matters of Urgency: Cost of Living (tax billionaires), urgency motion by Senator Nick McKim: Australia, 2025-02. Urgency motion calling on the Government to support the Greens plan to tax Australia's billionaires and use the revenue for cost of living relief; the Greens pl
• House Bill 1319: wealth tax on the ownership of stocks, bonds and other financial intangible property (Washington): United States, 2025-01. A 1% annual tax on the worldwide financial intangible assets of residents above a $100 million exclusion (no deduction for debts), estimated to reach about 3,40
• Proposition de loi n° 768 instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultra riches: France, 2025-01. The "taxe Zucman": a floor tax of 2% on the wealth of the richest households.
• PLP 203/2024: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (IGF): Brazil, 2024-11. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes provided for in art. 153, VII of the Constitution.
• Motion 4406: Impôt minimal mondial sur la fortune des milliardaires: Luxembourg, 2024-11. Motion inviting the government to press at OECD and EU level for a global annual minimum tax on the wealth of billionaires (and holders above USD 100m), after t
• EDM 340: 2% wealth tax: United Kingdom, 2024-10. Calls on the Government to introduce a 2% annual wealth tax on individuals with assets above £10 million.
• Servet Vergisi ve Temel Gelir Güvencesi Kanun Teklifi (2/2613): Turkey, 2024-10. Bill for an annual wealth tax on the real estate, luxury movables, deposits and financial assets of individuals and companies worth over TL 40 million (2% from
• Wetsvoorstel tot instelling van een miljonairstaks / Proposition de loi créant une taxe sur les millionnaires (DOC 56 0323/001): Belgium, 2024-10. Proposes a tax on wealth of EUR 5 million or more at 2% on the slice from EUR 5m to 10m and 3% above EUR 10m, exempting the part below EUR 5m.
• Antrag 19/1952: Vermögensteuer wieder einführen – Reiche müssen ihren fairen Beitrag leisten!: Germany, 2024-10. Asks the Berlin Senate to start a Bundesrat initiative to bring back the wealth tax and to commission a legal opinion on whether the Land now has the power to d
• Proposition de loi n° 246 visant à mettre en place une contribution exceptionnelle sur le patrimoine des contribuables les plus riches pour financer la transition écologique: France, 2024-09. A three-year exceptional levy on the net wealth of the richest taxpayers (2% from EUR 5 million, 6% from EUR 100 million, 10% above EUR 1 billion), to finance t
• Proposition de loi n° 2563 visant à rétablir et renforcer l’impôt de solidarité sur la fortune: France, 2024-05. Restores the ISF as it stood before 2018, with professional assets counted above EUR 2 million and a steeper rate scale, citing the 2022 France Stratégie evalua
• Título 14: Impuesto al Patrimonio (IP), Texto Ordenado 2023, art. 4 Sujetos pasivos: Uruguay, 2024-04. Creates "un impuesto anual que recaerá sobre el patrimonio" of the taxpayers listed in art. 4, for general revenue. Net wealth is assets minus tax-adjusted liab
• Ultra-Millionaire Tax Act of 2024 (S. 4017 and H.R. 7749, 118th Congress): United States, 2024-03. Rewrites the 2021 text as a zero bracket to $50 million, 2% to $1 billion and 3% above (6% with Medicare for All) and adds rules for trusts.
• Proposition de loi n° 2193 visant à mettre en place une contribution exceptionnelle sur le patrimoine des contribuables les plus riches pour financer la transition écologique: France, 2024-02. The 16th-legislature version of the three-year exceptional levy on large net wealth (2% from EUR 5 million, 6% from EUR 100 million, 10% above EUR 1 billion), r
• Proposición de Ley 122/000045: Impuesto sobre la titularidad, tenencia, disponibilidad, disfrute o uso de bienes o derechos por personas con grandes fortunas: Spain, 2024-01. Re-presents the Podemos bill for a tax on the net wealth of people with large fortunes, with the same eight-bracket scale of marginal rates from 3.6% to 5% and
• Norma Foral 23/2023, de 15 de diciembre, por la que se regula el Impuesto Temporal de Solidaridad de las Grandes Fortunas (Álava): Spain, 2023-12. Regulates in Álava the temporary solidarity tax on large fortunes, a complement to the wealth tax that applies to net wealth above EUR 3,000,000.
• Finance (No. 2) Bill 2023, Report Stage recommendation 3: report on a 2% wealth tax: Ireland, 2023-12. Would oblige the Minister to lay a report on the revenue and distributional impact of a wealth tax of 2 per cent on all households with assets over 20 million e
• Motie-Van der Lee (36 418, nr. 76): inzet voor een wereldwijde miljardairsbelasting: Netherlands, 2023-10. Asks the government to push in international forums for a global billionaire tax and to take the initiative with like-minded countries, for example with a white
• Motie-Alkaya (36 418, nr. 74): mondiale minimumvermogensbelasting voor miljardairs: Netherlands, 2023-10. Asks the government to form a lead group of OECD countries that actively campaigns for a global minimum wealth tax on billionaires, citing the EU Tax Observator
• A szolidaritási vagyonadóról (T/5575): Hungary, 2023-10. Annual solidarity wealth tax on net wealth above HUF 600m at 1.7%, 2.1% and 3.5% bands.
• ร่างพระราชบัญญัติภาษีความมั่งคั่ง พ.ศ. .... (Draft Wealth Tax Act): Thailand, 2023-10. A new law introducing a wealth tax collected by the Revenue Department, with an asset and liability register, a tax base and rates, assessment and penalties; th
• Prijedlog zaključka o zaduživanju Vlade RH na donošenje prijedloga Zakona o porezu na neto bogatstvo: Croatia, 2023-09. Sabor conclusion asking the Government to draft an annual net wealth tax law: EUR 700,000 threshold, rates 1% to 4%, liability by citizenship, exit tax.
• European citizens' initiative: Taxing great wealth to finance the ecological and social transition: Global, 2023-07. Calls on the European Commission to establish a European tax on great wealth that would feed the Union's own resources and pay for the ecological and social tra
• Entschließungsantrag 1077/UEA (XXVII. GP): Einführung einer Millionärssteuer: Austria, 2023-06. Resolution motion urging the Federal Government, particularly the Minister of Finance, to submit a legislative bill by 31 December 2023 introducing a millionair
• PLP 69/2023: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (IGF): Brazil, 2023-03. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes.
• Motion 23.3361: Für eine Steuer auf dem Vermögen der Superreichen!: Switzerland, 2023-03. Asks the Federal Council to amend Article 128 of the Federal Constitution so that a direct federal tax on the wealth of natural persons can be levied.
• Ley 38/2022: Impuesto Temporal de Solidaridad de las Grandes Fortunas: Spain, 2022-12. Created a state-level tax on net wealth above €3 million, with rates from 0% to 3.5%, on top of the regional wealth tax.
• Proposition de loi n° 648 visant à établir un impôt sur la très grande fortune: France, 2022-12. Replaces the property-only wealth tax (IFI) with a progressive annual tax on the worldwide net wealth of very large fortunes, from EUR 20 million with rates ris
• Ley 2277 de 2022: reforma tributaria para la igualdad y la justicia social (impuesto al patrimonio, arts. 35 to 37): Colombia, 2022-12. Adds articles 292-3, 294-3 and 295-3 to the Estatuto Tributario, creating a permanent annual wealth tax on net assets of 72,000 UVT or more held on 1 January, w
• Motie-De Jong c.s. (36 202, nr. 102): onderzoek naar een miljonairsbelasting: Netherlands, 2022-11. Asks the government to examine how a millionaire tax could be designed, for example a 1% wealth tax on box 3 assets above €1 million, so that workable scenarios
• Antrag 20/4307: Einmalige Vermögensabgabe für Multimillionäre und Milliardäre: Germany, 2022-11. Asks the government for a bill creating a one-off wealth levy on multimillionaires and billionaires under Article 106(1) no. 5 of the Basic Law, on the model of
• Proposition de loi n° 359 instaurant un impôt de solidarité sur la fortune climatique: France, 2022-10. Restores an annual solidarity wealth tax (ISF) from EUR 1.3 million of net assets with a climate bonus-malus that raises or lowers the bill by the carbon footpr
• Carpeta 804/2022: creación de una sobretasa de un 25% sobre el Impuesto al Patrimonio con destino al Fondo Nacional de Vivienda: Uruguay, 2022-10. Creates a permanent 25% surcharge on the Impuesto al Patrimonio, with all proceeds earmarked for the Fondo Nacional de Vivienda to finance social housing polici
• Wet vermogensbelasting 2024 (36 173): progressive wealth tax: Netherlands, 2022-07. Private member's bill: €100,000 exempt per person, then 1% rising to 5% above €5 million.
• Proposición de Ley 122/000213: Impuesto sobre la titularidad, tenencia, disponibilidad, disfrute o uso de bienes o derechos por personas con grandes fortunas: Spain, 2022-04. Would create a tax on the net wealth of people with large fortunes (from EUR 10 million), with an eight-bracket scale of marginal rates from 3.6% to 5% on total
• Toimenpidealoite: Miljonäärivero (TPA 25/2022 vp): Finland, 2022-03. Parliamentary motion for action calling on the government to prepare a 0.5% annual millionaire tax on net wealth above EUR 1 million, excluding the primary resi
• Toimenpidealoite miljonääriveron käyttöönoton valmistelun aloittamisesta (motion to start preparing a millionaire tax; TPA 25/2022 vp): Finland, 2022-03. Motion asking the government to begin preparing a millionaire tax on wealth above EUR 1 million, citing Statistics Finland data on how concentrated net wealth i
• Initiative cantonale IN 185: Pour une contribution temporaire de solidarité sur les grandes fortunes: Switzerland, 2022-03. A ten-year solidarity contribution of 2.5 per mille on the part of net wealth above CHF 3 million, with higher social deductions.
• Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om indførelse af en progressiv formueskat (B 70, 2021-22): Denmark, 2022-01. Motion that would require the government to introduce a bill for a progressive wealth tax in force from 1 January 2023, with a model for how the wealth is to be
• Ley Orgánica para el Desarrollo Económico y Sostenibilidad Fiscal tras la Pandemia COVID-19: contribución temporal sobre el patrimonio de personas naturales y sociedades: Ecuador, 2021-11. Creates two temporary contributions on net wealth: for individuals with USD 1 million or more on 1 January 2021 (1% to 1.5% of the wealth declared, paid by 31 M
• Proyecto de Ley 066 de 2021 Cámara: Ley de Equidad Fiscal: Colombia, 2021-11. The positive report for first debate proposes a tax on net wealth for the years 2022 to 2025 among the bill's measures to raise revenue for equity and social we
• Adjournment Motion: Taxation for a Dynamic and Fair 21st Century Economy: Singapore, 2021-11. Proposes an annual tax of 0.5% on net wealth above S$10 million, 1% above S$50 million and 2% above S$1 billion, paid into a special-purpose foundation.
• Motion 2021/22:3278: Röd politik för en grön omställning: Sweden, 2021-10. Left Party budget motion proposing an annual progressive wealth tax (förmögenhetsskatt) of 1% to 2% on net fortunes exceeding SEK 5 million, raising funds for g
• House Bill No. 10253: An Act imposing a 'Super-Rich Tax' on individuals with net value assets exceeding one billion pesos: Philippines, 2021-09. Proposes a yearly tax of 1% on wealth above 1 billion pesos, 2% above 2 billion and 3% above 3 billion, amending the National Internal Revenue Code.
• EDM 420: Introducing a Wealth Tax: United Kingdom, 2021-09. Asks the Government to introduce a wealth tax as a progressive alternative to raising taxes on work, citing the Wealth Tax Commission's December 2020 report.
• PLP 130/2021: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2021-09. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes under art. 153, VII of the Constitution, signed by about 55 deputies.
• PLP 125/2021: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2021-08. Regulates art. 153, VII of the Constitution to institute the Tax on Large Fortunes.
• PLP 101/2021: Extraordinary Contribution on Large Fortunes: Brazil, 2021-07. Institutes an extraordinary contribution on large fortunes to ease the effects of the covid-19 pandemic.
• Proyecto de Ley que declara Emergencia Educativa en todo el territorio nacional y crea la tasa extraordinaria a las grandes fortunas: Paraguay, 2021-05. A progressive wealth tax of 1% to 5% on net assets above 30,000 minimum wages (approx. USD 10 million) to fund a 3-year emergency plan for public education infr
• Antrag 19/28908: Einmalige Vermögensabgabe für Milliardäre und Multimillionäre: Germany, 2021-04. Asks the government for a one-off wealth levy under Article 106(1) no. 5 of the Basic Law, aimed at no more than the richest 0.7% of adults and at least 300 bil
• Ultra-Millionaire Tax Act of 2021 (S. 510 and H.R. 1459, 117th Congress): United States, 2021-03. A yearly 2% tax on net worth between $50 million and $1 billion and 3% above $1 billion (6% if a Medicare for All law is in effect), with a 40% exit tax on thos
• Motion M-68: Wealth inequality: Canada, 2021-02. Private member's motion asking the government to levy a one-time tax on extreme wealth to help pay for the pandemic response (3% on assets over $10 million, 5%
• Ley 1357: Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas (IGF): Bolivia, 2020-12. Creates a national tax on the net fortune of individuals above Bs 30,000,000 at 31 December each year, at 1.4% up to Bs 40 million, 1.9% up to Bs 50 million and
• Ley 27.605: Aporte Solidario y Extraordinario para ayudar a morigerar los efectos de la pandemia: Argentina, 2020-12. Creates a one-off emergency contribution on the assets in Argentina and abroad of residents whose total assets exceed ARS 200 million, on a scale from 2% to 3.5
• Vote 22 (43rd Parliament, 2nd Session): opposition motion for a new 1% tax on wealth over $20 million: Canada, 2020-11. Opposition motion asking the government to put in place a new one percent tax on wealth over $20 million and an excess profit tax on big corporations, and to sp
• Proyecto de Ley 06615/2020-CR: Ley que crea el Impuesto de Solidaridad sobre la Fortuna: Peru, 2020-11. Bill to create a progressive tax on the net wealth of individuals, conjugal partnerships and intestate estates above 250 tax units (UIT).
• Emendamento Orfini–Fratoianni alla legge di bilancio 2021 (A.C. 2790): imposta sui grandi patrimoni: Italy, 2020-11. Budget-law amendment for an annual tax on large fortunes: 0.2% from €500,000, 0.5% from €1 million, 1% from €5 million, 2% from €50 million and, for 2021, 3% ab
• Motion 2020/21:1885: Jämlik skattepolitik: Sweden, 2020-10. Social Democratic private member motion arguing for a broad progressive tax reform including wealth taxation (förmögenhetsbeskattning) to address extreme capita
• Motion M-43: Wealth tax: Canada, 2020-09. Private member's motion: "the government should immediately implement a 1% wealth tax on fortunes over $20 million".
• Proyecto de Ley 070 de 2020 Cámara: modifica el Decreto Ley 568 de 2020 (impuesto solidario por el COVID-19): Colombia, 2020-09. The report on the bill describes article 3 as making the wealth tax permanent, with a threshold of 84,253 UVT for individuals and 2,246,749 UVT for legal person
• Expediente 22.113: Impuesto solidario a la riqueza, para reactivar el país ante la emergencia del COVID-19: Costa Rica, 2020-07. A one-off 1% tax on the declared assets of people holding more than US$2.5 million and of companies and trusts holding more than US$5 million, to fund the COVID
• PLP 193/2020: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2020-07. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes under art. 153, VII of the Constitution (PSOL group).
• PLP 188/2020: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (IGF): Brazil, 2020-07. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes provided for in art. 153, VII of the Constitution, in a bill with some 40 deputies as authors (PT group).
• Boletín 13555-07: constitutional reform for a one-time tax on the wealth of certain individuals: Chile, 2020-06. Motion to amend the Constitution to set, once only, a tax on the wealth of certain individuals to finance an emergency basic income.
• Proyecto de Ley 310 de 2020 Senado: renta básica de emergencia: Colombia, 2020-05. Bill creating an emergency basic income by modifying Decreto 518 de 2020. Its motives, signed by the senators, pledge a structural tax reform with a progressive
• Proyecto de Ley 5163/2020-CR: Ley de Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas: Peru, 2020-05. Bill to create an annual tax on the net personal wealth of resident individuals above 400 tax units (UIT), on real estate, vehicles, shares, deposits and valuab
• Motion 20.3335: Eine zeitlich begrenzte solidarische Bundessteuer auf dem Vermögen: Switzerland, 2020-05. Asks the Federal Council for a draft law for a time-limited solidarity federal tax of 1% on wealth above CHF 2 million for three years from 2021, to part-financ
• Motion 20.3203: Solidaritätsabgabe auf Milliardenvermögen zur Bekämpfung der Corona-Krise: Switzerland, 2020-05. Asks the Federal Council to set up a Covid-19 fund financed by a temporary solidarity levy on wealth of CHF 1 billion and above.
• Motion 20.3174: Millionäre besteuern, um Gemeinwesen zu finanzieren und Arbeitsplätze zu retten: Switzerland, 2020-05. Asks the Federal Council to introduce a Covid-19 solidarity tax on wealth over CHF 3 million and use the proceeds for workers, families and small businesses.
• Proyecto de Ley que amplía el financiamiento genuino de la emergencia del coronavirus (SARS-COV2): Tasa Covid: Paraguay, 2020-04. A progressive annual wealth tax of 1% to 2% on net fortunes exceeding 30,000 minimum wages (approx. USD 10 million) to finance emergency healthcare and social s
• PLP 50/2020: tax on large fortunes and compulsory loan for covid-19 social protection: Brazil, 2020-03. Institutes a tax on large fortunes and a compulsory loan to finance social protection needs arising from covid-19.
• Expediente 21.883: Ley de Contingencia Fiscal Progresiva y Solidaria ante la emergencia nacional del COVID-19: Costa Rica, 2020-03. A package of 12-month surcharges on large companies, dividends, high self-employed incomes, salaries and pensions, plus (article 23) a one-off 0.1% tax on the n
• PLP 38/2020: Extraordinary Tax on Large Fortunes during the public calamity: Brazil, 2020-03. Institutes an extraordinary tax on large fortunes for the duration of the public calamity declared for covid-19.
• Motion 2019/20:2915: En plan för jämlikhet och grön omställning: Sweden, 2019-10. Left Party budget motion setting out a schedule for a progressive annual wealth tax (förmögenhetsskatt) with a 1% rate on fortunes over SEK 5 million and 2% abo
• Wetsvoorstel tot instelling van een miljonairstaks / Proposition de loi créant une taxe sur les millionnaires (DOC 55 0397/001): Belgium, 2019-09. Proposes an annual tax on wealth of EUR 1 million or more at 1% on the slice from EUR 1m to 2m, 2% from EUR 2m to 3m and 3% above EUR 3m.
• PLP 183/2019: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2019-08. Regulates art. 153, VII of the Constitution to institute the Tax on Large Fortunes.
• Wetsvoorstel tot instelling van een belasting op de grote vermogens / Proposition de loi visant à introduire un impôt sur les grands patrimoines (DOC 55 0036/001): Belgium, 2019-07. Proposes a wealth tax on net assets above EUR 1,250,000, leaving out goods used exclusively for an economic activity and with special rules for the family home
• Ley Constitucional que crea el Impuesto a los Grandes Patrimonios: Venezuela, 2019-07. Annual tax of 0.25% to 1.5% on the net wealth of individuals and companies classed as special taxpayers (threshold 150 million tax units after the reprint); in
• PLP 9/2019: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2019-02. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes under art. 153, VII of the Constitution.
• Antrag 19/94: Reichtum gerechter verteilen – Vermögensteuer als Millionärsteuer wieder erheben: Germany, 2017-11. Asks the government for a bill that brings back the wealth tax as a millionaires' tax: 5% above 1 million euro, with a higher allowance of 5 million euro for bu
• Motion 2017/18:2962: Solidarisk ekonomi: Sweden, 2017-10. Private member motion proposing that the government appoint a commission to investigate the reintroduction of a progressive wealth tax (förmögenhetsskatt) and i
• PLS 139/2017: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2017-05. Regulates art. 153, VII of the Constitution to institute the Tax on Large Fortunes.
• Antrag 19/4497: Wiederbelebung der Vermögensteuer als Teil einer gerechten Steuerpolitik: Germany, 2017-02. Asks the state government to work for a Bundesrat initiative to bring back the wealth tax in Germany.
• Antrag 7/845: Wiederbelebung der Vermögensteuer als Teil einer gerechten Steuerpolitik: Germany, 2017-01. Asks the state government to work for a Bundesrat initiative to bring back the wealth tax in Germany.
• Motion 2016/17:2632: Arvs- och förmögenhetsskatt: Sweden, 2016-10. Asks the Riksdag to support work on proposals to reintroduce an inheritance tax and, separately, a wealth tax, and to tell the government so.
• Ley Orgánica de Solidaridad y de Corresponsabilidad Ciudadana para la Reconstrucción y Reactivación de las Zonas Afectadas por el Terremoto de 16 de abril de 2016, art. 4 (contribución solidaria sobre el patrimonio): Ecuador, 2016-05. Article 4 makes individuals with net wealth of USD 1 million or more on 1 January 2016 pay a contribution of 0.90% once, on assets in and outside Ecuador for re
• PLS 315/2015: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2015-05. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes referred to in art. 153, VII of the Constitution.
• Wetsvoorstel tot instelling van een belasting op de grote vermogens / Proposition de loi visant à introduire un impôt sur les grands patrimoines (DOC 54 0770/001): Belgium, 2015-01. Proposes a wealth tax on net assets above EUR 1,250,000, leaving out goods used exclusively for an economic activity and with special rules for the family home
• Laki varallisuusverosta (LA 62/2014 vp): Finland, 2014-10. Private member's bill proposing an annual net wealth tax of 0.8% on net assets exceeding EUR 300,000, mirroring the 2012 proposal.
• Laki varallisuusverosta (Act on a wealth tax; LA 62/2014 vp): Finland, 2014-10. Finns Party initiative to restore the wealth tax at 0.8% a year on taxable assets above EUR 300,000, estimating about EUR 150 million of revenue in 2015.
• Motion 2013/14:Sk403: Arvsskatt och förmögenhetsskatt: Sweden, 2013-10. Asks the Riksdag to tell the government to appoint an inquiry to prepare the reintroduction of an inheritance tax and, separately, of the wealth tax.
• Income Support Levy Act, 2013 (Act No. XXII of 2013): Pakistan, 2013-06. A 0.5% wealth levy on the net movable assets of individuals exceeding Rs 1 million, earmarked for the Income Support Fund to assist the poor.
• Laki varallisuusverosta (LA 55/2012 vp): Finland, 2012-10. Private member's bill proposing a progressive annual wealth tax on net fortunes exceeding EUR 300,000 at 0.8%, with unlisted corporate assets taxed at 1% above
• Laki varallisuusverosta (Act on a wealth tax; LA 55/2012 vp): Finland, 2012-10. Finns Party initiative to restore the wealth tax at 0.8% a year on taxable assets above EUR 300,000, estimating about EUR 135 million of revenue in 2013.
• Gesetzentwurf 17/10770: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Erhebung einer Vermögensabgabe: Germany, 2012-09. Bill for a one-off wealth levy on the richest, modelled on the post-war Lastenausgleich, to reduce the public debt caused by the financial crisis.
• Antrag 17/10778: Reichtum umFAIRteilen – in Deutschland und Europa: Germany, 2012-09. Among its demands, asks the government to work at EU level for a Europe-wide coordinated wealth levy (Vermögensabgabe).
• Antrag 17/8792: Wer Schulden bremsen will, muss Millionäre besteuern: Germany, 2012-02. Asks the government for a bill that brings back the wealth tax as a millionaires' tax: 5% on net wealth above 1,000,000 euro.
• PLP 130/2012: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas: Brazil, 2012-02. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes provided for in art. 153, VII of the Constitution.
• Motion 2011/12:Sk291: Översyn av det svenska skattesystemet: Sweden, 2011-09. Left Party group motion proposing a comprehensive review of the Swedish tax system, calling for an inquiry into a reinstated net wealth tax (förmögenhetsskatt)
• PLS 534/2011: taxation of large fortunes: Brazil, 2011-08. Regulates art. 153, VII of the Constitution: an annual tax on net wealth above R$ 2,500,000 held at 31 December, on Brazilian-born individuals worldwide and on
• PLP 26/2011: institutes the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (IGF): Brazil, 2011-03. Institutes the Tax on Large Fortunes on fortunes above R$ 5,000,000, as the Câmara's summary states.
• Varallisuusverolaki (LA 63/2010 vp): Finland, 2010-09. Private member's bill proposing to reenact the wealth tax with a 0.8% rate on net wealth exceeding EUR 250,000.
• Varallisuusverolaki (Wealth Tax Act; LA 63/2010 vp): Finland, 2010-09. Finns Party initiative with a full draft Wealth Tax Act to restore the tax from 1 January 2011, estimating about EUR 150 million a year to fund basic social sec
• Antrag 17/2944: Auswege aus der Krise: Steuerpolitische Gerechtigkeit und Handlungsfähigkeit des Staates wiederherstellen: Germany, 2010-09. Among its demands, asks the government to bring back the wealth tax as a millionaires' tax, at 5% of net wealth above an allowance of 1,000,000 euro.
• Propunere legislativă pentru instituirea impozitului anual asupra averii (L361/2010): Romania, 2010-03. Legislative proposal to introduce an annual tax on wealth, tabled by a PSD deputy.
• Auðlegðarskattur: temporary net wealth tax on individuals (enacted end of 2009): Iceland, 2009-12. A temporary tax on individuals' net wealth above ISK 75m (couples ISK 100m) in its last form; it ran from 2010 and was last assessed in 2014 on net wealth at th
• Bürgerinitiative 15/BI (XXIV. GP): Reichensteuer jetzt!: Austria, 2009-11. Citizens initiative signed by over 10,000 citizens demanding the reintroduction of a progressive net wealth tax of 5% on fortunes exceeding EUR 1 million.
• Motion 2009/10:Sk342: Förmögenhetsskatt: Sweden, 2009-10. Private motion asking the Riksdag to tell the government that a wealth tax should be re-established, and that the general duty to report assets and debts should
• Loi sur l'imposition des personnes physiques (LIPP, D 3 08), art. 46 ss: impôt sur la fortune (Geneva): Switzerland, 2009-09. The Geneva wealth tax: "L'impôt sur la fortune a pour objet l'ensemble de la fortune nette après déductions sociales" (art. 46). Art. 59 sets a progressive tari
• Varallisuusverolaki (Wealth Tax Act; LA 84/2009 vp): Finland, 2009-09. Finns Party initiative to reinstate the wealth tax abolished from 2006, estimating about EUR 150 million a year to fund basic social security.
• PLP 277/2008: regulates the Imposto sobre Grandes Fortunas (art. 153, VII of the Constitution): Brazil, 2008-03. The oldest of the Tax on Large Fortunes bills before the Câmara, to which later ones are attached.
• Varallisuusverolaki ja laki tuloverolain ja eräiden muiden verolakien muuttamisesta (Wealth Tax Act and amendment of the Income Tax Act; LA 81/2006 vp): Finland, 2006-09. Left Alliance initiative to bring back the repealed Wealth Tax Act with the scale of the 2004 tax year, alongside a social income deduction for benefit recipien
• Wet Vermogensbelasting 1944 (G.B. 1944 no. 185, geldende tekst): Suriname, 2004-12. Suriname's core net wealth tax law, levying an annual direct tax of 0.8% on the net wealth of natural persons resident in Suriname (and non-residents on local a
• Skatteloven (lov 26. mars 1999 nr. 14), kapittel 4 Formue, § 4-1 Hovedregel om formue: Norway, 1999-03. Defines taxable net wealth: the market value on 1 January of the assessment year of the taxpayer's assets with economic value, less the debts the taxpayer is li
• Ley 23.966, Título VI: Impuesto sobre los Bienes Personales (texto ordenado 1997): Argentina, 1997-03. The annual tax on personal assets held at 31 December, in the country and abroad: owed by residents on both and by people living abroad on assets in Argentina (
• Lag (1997:323) om statlig förmögenhetsskatt: Sweden, 1997. Sweden's annual state tax on net wealth: 1.5% a year on the net wealth of a natural person above SEK 1.5 million (SEK 3 million for couples taxed jointly).
• Ley 19/1991, de 6 de junio, del Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio: Spain, 1991-06. The Spanish net wealth tax: a direct, personal tax on the net wealth of individuals (art. 1), owed by residents on their worldwide net wealth and by non-residen
• Bundesgesetz über die Harmonisierung der direkten Steuern der Kantone und Gemeinden (StHG), Art. 13 und 14: Vermögenssteuer: Switzerland, 1990-12. The federal framework for the cantonal wealth taxes: "Der Vermögenssteuer unterliegt das gesamte Reinvermögen" (Art. 13), valued at market value (Art. 14). The
• Wealth Tax Act, 1975 (Number 25 of 1975): Ireland, 1975-08. Charges a wealth tax each year at one per cent of the net market value of the taxable wealth of individuals, discretionary trusts and private non-trading compan
• The Wealth-tax Act, 1957: India, 1957. India's annual tax of 1% on net wealth above ₹30 lakh, charged on a listed set of assets only: houses, cars, jewellery, yachts, aircraft, urban land and cash ab
• 富裕税法 (Wealth Tax Act, Law No. 174 of 1950): Japan, 1950-05. Japan's only permanent net wealth tax: a yearly progressive tax on net worth over ¥5 million at 0.5%, rising to 1% above ¥10 million, 2% above ¥20 million and 3